Skip to main content

Fuzzy Logic - Decision Making

It is an activity which includes the steps to be taken for choosing a suitable alternative from those that are needed for realizing a certain goal.

Steps for Decision Making

Let us now discuss the steps involved in the decision making process −

  • Determining the Set of Alternatives − In this step, the alternatives from which the decision has to be taken must be determined.

  • Evaluating Alternative − Here, the alternatives must be evaluated so that the decision can be taken about one of the alternatives.

  • Comparison between Alternatives − In this step, a comparison between the evaluated alternatives is done.

Types of Decision

Making We will now understand the different types of decision making.

Individual Decision Making

In this type of decision making, only a single person is responsible for taking decisions. The decision making model in this kind can be characterized as −

  • Set of possible actions

  • Set of goals Gi(i∈Xn);

  • Set of Constraints Cj(j∈Xm)

The goals and constraints stated above are expressed in terms of fuzzy sets.

Now consider a set A. Then, the goal and constraints for this set are given by −

Gi(a) = composition[Gi(a)] = Gi1(Gi(a)) with Gi1

Cj(a) = composition[Cj(a)] = Cj1(Cj(a)) with Cj1 for a∈A

The fuzzy decision in the above case is given by −

FD=min[i∈XninfGi(a),j∈XminfCj(a)]

Multi-person Decision Making

Decision making in this case includes several persons so that the expert knowledge from various persons is utilized to make decisions.

Calculation for this can be given as follows −

Number of persons preferring xi to xj = N(xi,xj)

Total number of decision makers = n

Then, SC(xi,xj)=N(xi,xj)n

Multi-objective Decision Making

Multi-objective decision making occurs when there are several objectives to be realized. There are following two issues in this type of decision making −

  • To acquire proper information related to the satisfaction of the objectives by various alternatives.

  • To weigh the relative importance of each objective.

Mathematically we can define a universe of n alternatives as −

A=[a1,a2,...,ai,...,an]

And the set of “m” objectives as O=[o1,o2,...,oi,...,on]

Multi-attribute Decision Making

Multi-attribute decision making takes place when the evaluation of alternatives can be carried out based on several attributes of the object. The attributes can be numerical data, linguistic data and qualitative data.

Mathematically, the multi-attribute evaluation is carried out on the basis of linear equation as follows −



Anurag Rana

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Standard and Formatted Input / Output in C++

The C++ standard libraries provide an extensive set of input/output capabilities which we will see in subsequent chapters. This chapter will discuss very basic and most common I/O operations required for C++ programming. C++ I/O occurs in streams, which are sequences of bytes. If bytes flow from a device like a keyboard, a disk drive, or a network connection etc. to main memory, this is called   input operation   and if bytes flow from main memory to a device like a display screen, a printer, a disk drive, or a network connection, etc., this is called   output operation . Standard Input and Output in C++ is done through the use of  streams . Streams are generic places to send or receive data. In C++, I/O is done through classes and objects defined in the header file  <iostream> .  iostream  stands for standard input-output stream. This header file contains definitions to objects like  cin ,  cout , etc. /O Library Header Files There are...
Post a Comment
Read more

Data Warehousing - An Overview

Anurag Information Technology (IT) has historically influenced organizational performance and competitive standing. The increasing processing power and sophistication of analytical tools and techniques have put the strong foundation for the product called data warehouse. There are a number of reasons that any organization should consider a data warehouse, which can be the critical tool for maximizing the organization’s investment in the information it has collected and stored throughout the enterprise. IT managers need to understand the rationale and benefits of data warehouses because they may need to design and implement, or procure this kingpin of business intelligence. The data warehouses are supposed to provide storage, functionality and responsiveness to queries beyond the capabilities of today's transaction-oriented databases. Also data warehouses are set to improve the data access performance of databases. Traditional databases balance the requirement of data access w...
Post a Comment
Read more

Normalization in DBMS: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF in Database

Normalization   is a process of organizing the data in database to avoid data redundancy, insertion anomaly, update anomaly & deletion anomaly.  Anomalies in DBMS There are three types of anomalies that occur when the database is not normalized. These are – Insertion, update and deletion anomaly. Let’s take an example to understand this. Example : Suppose a manufacturing company stores the employee details in a table named employee that has four attributes: emp_id for storing employee’s id, emp_name for storing employee’s name, emp_address for storing employee’s address and emp_dept for storing the department details in which the employee works. At some point of time the table looks like this: emp_id emp_name emp_address emp_dept 101 Nikhil Kangra D001 101 Nikhil Kangra D002 123 Ashish Shimla D890 166 Rahul Pathankot D900 166 Rahul Pathankot D004 The above table is not normalized.  Update anomaly : In the above table we have two rows for employee Nikhil as he belongs ...
Post a Comment
Read more