EJB : Stateless and Statefull Bean

A stateless session bean is a type of enterprise bean, which is normally used to perform independent operations. A stateless session bean as per its name does not have any associated client state, but it may preserve its instance state. EJB Container normally creates a pool of few stateless bean's objects and use these objects to process client's request. Because of pool, instance variable values are not guaranteed to be same across lookups/method calls.

Steps to Create a Stateless EJB

Following are the steps required to create a stateless EJB −

• Create a remote/local interface exposing the business methods.

• This interface will be used by the EJB client application.

• Use @Local annotation, if EJB client is in same environment where EJB session bean is to be deployed.

• Use @Remote annotation, if EJB client is in different environment where EJB session bean is to be deployed.

• Create a stateless session bean, implementing the above interface.

• Use @Stateless annotation to signify it a stateless bean. EJB Container automatically creates the relevant configurations or interfaces required by reading this annotation during deployment.

Remote Interface

import javax.ejb.Remote;
 
@Remote
public interface LibrarySessionBeanRemote {
   //add business method declarations
}

Stateless EJB

@Stateless
public class LibrarySessionBean implements LibrarySessionBeanRemote {
   //implement business method 
}

Example Application

Let us create a test EJB application to test stateless EJB.

Step	Description
1	Create a project with a name EjbComponent under a package com.tutorialspoint.stateless as explained in the EJB - Create Application chapter. You can also use the project created in EJB - Create Application chapter as such for this chapter to understand stateless EJB concepts.
2	Create LibrarySessionBean.java and LibrarySessionBeanRemote as explained in the EJB - Create Application chapter. Keep rest of the files unchanged.
3	Clean and Build the application to make sure business logic is working as per the requirements.
4	Finally, deploy the application in the form of jar file on JBoss Application Server. JBoss Application server will get started automatically if it is not started yet.
5	Now create the EJB client, a console based application in the same way as explained in the EJB - Create Application chapter under topic Create Client to access EJB.

EJBComponent (EJB Module)

LibrarySessionBeanRemote.java

package com.tutorialspoint.stateless;
 
import java.util.List;
import javax.ejb.Remote;
 
@Remote
public interface LibrarySessionBeanRemote {
   void addBook(String bookName);
   List getBooks();
}

LibrarySessionBean.java

 
package com.tutorialspoint.stateless;
 
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.ejb.Stateless;
 
@Stateless
public class LibrarySessionBean implements LibrarySessionBeanRemote {
    
   List<String> bookShelf;    
 
   public LibrarySessionBean() {
      bookShelf = new ArrayList<String>();
   }
 
   public void addBook(String bookName) {
      bookShelf.add(bookName);
   }    
 
   public List<String> getBooks() {
      return bookShelf;
   }
}

• As soon as you deploy the EjbComponent project on JBOSS, notice the jboss log.

• JBoss has automatically created a JNDI entry for our session bean - LibrarySessionBean/remote.

• We will be using this lookup string to get remote business object of type - com.tutorialspoint.stateless.LibrarySessionBeanRemote

JBoss Application Server Log Output

...
16:30:01,401 INFO  [JndiSessionRegistrarBase] Binding the following Entries in Global JNDI:
   LibrarySessionBean/remote - EJB3.x Default Remote Business Interface
   LibrarySessionBean/remote-com.tutorialspoint.stateless.LibrarySessionBeanRemote - EJB3.x Remote Business Interface
16:30:02,723 INFO  [SessionSpecContainer] Starting jboss.j2ee:jar=EjbComponent.jar,name=LibrarySessionBean,service=EJB3
16:30:02,723 INFO  [EJBContainer] STARTED EJB: com.tutorialspoint.stateless.LibrarySessionBeanRemote ejbName: LibrarySessionBean
16:30:02,731 INFO  [JndiSessionRegistrarBase] Binding the following Entries in Global JNDI:
 
   LibrarySessionBean/remote - EJB3.x Default Remote Business Interface
   LibrarySessionBean/remote-com.tutorialspoint.stateless.LibrarySessionBeanRemote - EJB3.x Remote Business Interface
...   

EJBTester (EJB Client)

jndi.properties

java.naming.factory.initial=org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContextFactory
java.naming.factory.url.pkgs=org.jboss.naming:org.jnp.interfaces
java.naming.provider.url=localhost

• These properties are used to initialize the InitialContext object of java naming service.

• InitialContext object will be used to lookup stateless session bean.

EJBTester.java

package com.tutorialspoint.test;
   
import com.tutorialspoint.stateful.LibrarySessionBeanRemote;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
 
public class EJBTester {
 
   BufferedReader brConsoleReader = null; 
   Properties props;
   InitialContext ctx;
   {
      props = new Properties();
      try {
         props.load(new FileInputStream("jndi.properties"));
      } catch (IOException ex) {
         ex.printStackTrace();
      }
      try {
         ctx = new InitialContext(props);            
      } catch (NamingException ex) {
         ex.printStackTrace();
      }
      brConsoleReader = 
      new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
   }
   
   public static void main(String[] args) {
 
      EJBTester ejbTester = new EJBTester();
 
      ejbTester.testStatelessEjb();
   }
   
   private void showGUI() {
      System.out.println("**********************");
      System.out.println("Welcome to Book Store");
      System.out.println("**********************");
      System.out.print("Options \n1. Add Book\n2. Exit \nEnter Choice: ");
   }
   
   private void testStatelessEjb() {
 
      try {
         int choice = 1; 
 
         LibrarySessionBeanRemote libraryBean =
         LibrarySessionBeanRemote)ctx.lookup("LibrarySessionBean/remote");
 
         while (choice != 2) {
            String bookName;
            showGUI();
            String strChoice = brConsoleReader.readLine();
            choice = Integer.parseInt(strChoice);
            if (choice == 1) {
               System.out.print("Enter book name: ");
               bookName = brConsoleReader.readLine();
               Book book = new Book();
               book.setName(bookName);
               libraryBean.addBook(book);          
            } else if (choice == 2) {
               break;
            }
         }
 
         List<Book> booksList = libraryBean.getBooks();
 
         System.out.println("Book(s) entered so far: " + booksList.size());
         int i = 0;
         for (Book book:booksList) {
            System.out.println((i+1)+". " + book.getName());
            i++;
         }       
         LibrarySessionBeanRemote libraryBean1 = 
            (LibrarySessionBeanRemote)ctx.lookup("LibrarySessionBean/remote");
         List<String> booksList1 = libraryBean1.getBooks();
         System.out.println(
            "***Using second lookup to get library stateless object***");
         System.out.println(
            "Book(s) entered so far: " + booksList1.size());
         for (int i = 0; i < booksList1.size(); ++i) {
            System.out.println((i+1)+". " + booksList1.get(i));
         }		 
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println(e.getMessage());
         e.printStackTrace();
      }finally {
         try {
            if(brConsoleReader !=null) {
               brConsoleReader.close();
            }
         } catch (IOException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
         }
      }
   }
}

EJBTester performs the following tasks −

• Load properties from jndi.properties and initialize the InitialContext object.

• In testStatelessEjb() method, jndi lookup is done with name - "LibrarySessionBean/remote" to obtain the remote business object (stateless ejb).

• Then user is shown a library store User Interface and he/she is asked to enter choice.

• If user enters 1, the system asks for book name and saves the book using stateless session bean addBook() method. Session Bean is storing the book in its instance variable.

• If user enters 2, system retrieves books using stateless session bean getBooks() method and exits.

• Then another jndi lookup is done with the name - "LibrarySessionBean/remote" to obtain the remote business object (stateless EJB) again and listing of books is done.

Run Client to Access EJB

Locate EJBTester.java in project explorer. Right click on EJBTester class and select run file.

Verify the following output in Netbeans console.

run:
**********************
Welcome to Book Store
**********************
Options 
1. Add Book
2. Exit 
Enter Choice: 1
Enter book name: Learn Java
**********************
Welcome to Book Store
**********************
Options 
1. Add Book
2. Exit 
Enter Choice: 2
Book(s) entered so far: 1
1. Learn Java
***Using second lookup to get library stateless object***
Book(s) entered so far: 0
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 13 seconds)

Run Client Again to Access EJB

Locate EJBTester.java in project explorer. Right click on EJBTester class and select run file.

Verify the following output in Netbeans console.

run:
**********************
Welcome to Book Store
**********************
Options 
1. Add Book
2. Exit 
Enter Choice: 2
Book(s) entered so far: 0
***Using second lookup to get library stateless object***
Book(s) entered so far: 1
1. Learn Java
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 12 seconds)

• Output shown above may vary, depending upon how many stateless EJB object JBoss is maintaining.

• In case, a single stateless EJB object is maintained, you may see the same list of books after each lookup.

• EJB Container may return the same stateless EJB object for every lookup.

• Stateless EJB bean is keeping value of instance variable till the server is not restarted.

A stateful session bean is a type of enterprise bean, which preserve the conversational state with client. A stateful session bean as per its name keeps associated client state in its instance variables. EJB Container creates a separate stateful session bean to process client's each request. As soon as request scope is over, statelful session bean is destroyed.

Steps to Create Stateful EJB

Following are the steps required to create a stateful EJB −

• Create a remote/local interface exposing the business methods.

• This interface will be used by the EJB client application.

• Use @Local annotation if EJB client is in same environment where EJB session bean need to be deployed.

• Use @Remote annotation if EJB client is in different environment where EJB session bean need to be deployed.

• Create a stateful session bean, implementing the above interface.

• Use @Stateful annotation to signify it a stateful bean. EJB Container automatically creates the relevant configurations or interfaces required by reading this annotation during deployment.

Remote Interface

import javax.ejb.Remote;
 
@Remote
public interface LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote {
   //add business method declarations
}

Stateful EJB

@Stateful
public class LibraryStatefulSessionBean implements LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote {
   //implement business method 
}

Example Application

Let us create a test EJB application to test stateful EJB.

Step	Description
1	Create a project with a name EjbComponent under a package com.tutorialspoint.stateful as explained in the EJB − Create Application chapter. You can also use the project created in EJB - Create Application chapter as such for this chapter to understand stateful EJB concepts.
2	Create LibraryStatefulSessionBean.java and LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote as explained in the EJB − Create Application chapter. Keep rest of the files unchanged.
3	Clean and Build the application to make sure business logic is working as per the requirements.
4	Finally, deploy the application in the form of jar file on JBoss Application Server. JBoss Application server will get started automatically if it is not started yet.
5	Now create the EJB client, a console based application in the same way as explained in the EJB - Create Application chapter under topic Create Client to access EJB.

EJBComponent (EJB Module)

LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote.java

package com.tutorialspoint.stateful;
 
import java.util.List;
import javax.ejb.Remote;
 
@Remote
public interface LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote {
   void addBook(String bookName);
   List getBooks();
}

LibraryStatefulSessionBean.java

package com.tutorialspoint.stateful;
 
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.ejb.Stateful;
 
@Stateful
public class LibraryStatefulSessionBean implements LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote {
    
   List<String> bookShelf;    
 
   public LibraryStatefulSessionBean() {
      bookShelf = new ArrayList<String>();
   }
 
   public void addBook(String bookName) {
      bookShelf.add(bookName);
   }    
 
   public List<String> getBooks() {
      return bookShelf;
   }
}

• As soon as you deploy the EjbComponent project on JBOSS, notice the jboss log.

• JBoss has automatically created a JNDI entry for our session bean − LibraryStatefulSessionBean/remote.

• We will be using this lookup string to get remote business object of type − com.tutorialspoint.stateful.LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote

JBoss Application Server Log Output

...
16:30:01,401 INFO  [JndiSessionRegistrarBase] Binding the following Entries in Global JNDI:
   LibraryStatefulSessionBean/remote - EJB3.x Default Remote Business Interface
   LibraryStatefulSessionBean/remote-com.tutorialspoint.stateful.LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote - EJB3.x Remote Business Interface
16:30:02,723 INFO  [SessionSpecContainer] Starting jboss.j2ee:jar=EjbComponent.jar,name=LibraryStatefulSessionBean,service=EJB3
16:30:02,723 INFO  [EJBContainer] STARTED EJB: com.tutorialspoint.stateful.LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote ejbName: LibraryStatefulSessionBean
16:30:02,731 INFO  [JndiSessionRegistrarBase] Binding the following Entries in Global JNDI:
 
   LibraryStatefulSessionBean/remote - EJB3.x Default Remote Business Interface
   LibraryStatefulSessionBean/remote-com.tutorialspoint.stateful.LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote - EJB3.x Remote Business Interface
...   

EJBTester (EJB Client)

jndi.properties

java.naming.factory.initial = org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContextFactory
java.naming.factory.url.pkgs = org.jboss.naming:org.jnp.interfaces
java.naming.provider.url = localhost

• These properties are used to initialize the InitialContext object of java naming service.

• InitialContext object will be used to lookup stateful session bean.

EJBTester.java

package com.tutorialspoint.test;
   
import com.tutorialspoint.stateful.LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
 
public class EJBTester {
 
   BufferedReader brConsoleReader = null; 
   Properties props;
   InitialContext ctx;
   {
      props = new Properties();
      try {
         props.load(new FileInputStream("jndi.properties"));
      } catch (IOException ex) {
         ex.printStackTrace();
      }
      try {
         ctx = new InitialContext(props);            
      } catch (NamingException ex) {
         ex.printStackTrace();
      }
      brConsoleReader = 
      new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
   }
   
   public static void main(String[] args) {
 
      EJBTester ejbTester = new EJBTester();
 
      ejbTester.testStatelessEjb();
   }
   
   private void showGUI() {
      System.out.println("**********************");
      System.out.println("Welcome to Book Store");
      System.out.println("**********************");
      System.out.print("Options \n1. Add Book\n2. Exit \nEnter Choice: ");
   }
   
   private void testStatelessEjb() {
 
      try {
         int choice = 1; 
 
         LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote libraryBean =
         LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote)ctx.lookup("LibraryStatefulSessionBean/remote");
 
         while (choice != 2) {
            String bookName;
            showGUI();
            String strChoice = brConsoleReader.readLine();
            choice = Integer.parseInt(strChoice);
            if (choice == 1) {
               System.out.print("Enter book name: ");
               bookName = brConsoleReader.readLine();
               Book book = new Book();
               book.setName(bookName);
               libraryBean.addBook(book);          
            } else if (choice == 2) {
               break;
            }
         }
 
         List<Book> booksList = libraryBean.getBooks();
 
         System.out.println("Book(s) entered so far: " + booksList.size());
         int i = 0;
         for (Book book:booksList) {
            System.out.println((i+1)+". " + book.getName());
            i++;
         }       
         LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote libraryBean1 = 
            (LibraryStatefulSessionBeanRemote)ctx.lookup("LibraryStatefulSessionBean/remote");
         List<String> booksList1 = libraryBean1.getBooks();
         System.out.println(
            "***Using second lookup to get library stateful object***");
         System.out.println(
            "Book(s) entered so far: " + booksList1.size());
         for (int i = 0; i < booksList1.size(); ++i) {
            System.out.println((i+1)+". " + booksList1.get(i));
         }		 
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println(e.getMessage());
         e.printStackTrace();
      }finally {
         try {
            if(brConsoleReader !=null) {
               brConsoleReader.close();
            }
         } catch (IOException ex) {
            System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
         }
      }
   }
}

EJBTester performs the following tasks −

• Load properties from jndi.properties and initialize the InitialContext object.

• In testStatefulEjb() method, jndi lookup is done with name - "LibraryStatefulSessionBean/remote" to obtain the remote business object (stateful ejb).

• Then the user is shown a library store User Interface and he/she is asked to enter a choice.

• If user enters 1, system asks for book name and saves the book using stateful session bean addBook() method. Session Bean is storing the book in its instance variable.

• If user enters 2, system retrieves books using stateful session bean getBooks() method and exits.

• Then another jndi lookup is done with the name - "LibraryStatefulSessionBean/remote" to obtain the remote business object (stateful EJB) again and listing of books is done.

Run Client to Access EJB

Locate EJBTester.java in project explorer. Right click on EJBTester class and select run file.

Verify the following output in Netbeans console −

run:
**********************
Welcome to Book Store
**********************
Options 
1. Add Book
2. Exit 
Enter Choice: 1
Enter book name: Learn Java
**********************
Welcome to Book Store
**********************
Options 
1. Add Book
2. Exit 
Enter Choice: 2
Book(s) entered so far: 1
1. Learn Java
***Using second lookup to get library stateful object***
Book(s) entered so far: 0
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 13 seconds)

Run Client Again to Access EJB

Locate EJBTester.java in project explorer. Right click on EJBTester class and select run file.

Verify the following output in Netbeans console.

run:
**********************
Welcome to Book Store
**********************
Options 
1. Add Book
2. Exit 
Enter Choice: 2
Book(s) entered so far: 0
***Using second lookup to get library stateful object***
Book(s) entered so far: 0
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 12 seconds)

• Output shown above states that for each lookup, a different stateful EJB instance is returned.

• Stateful EJB object is keeping value for single session only. As in second run, we are not getting any value of books.

Anurag Rana