Inspiration and genius--one and the same.

"The wise man in the storm prays God, not for safety from danger, but for deliverance from fear."
"Happiness is not a destination. It is a method of life."
"I believe God is managing affairs and that He doesn't need any advice from me. With God in charge, I believe everything will work out for the best in the end. So what is there to worry about."
"We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and the oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender."

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Standard and Formatted Input / Output in C++

The C++ standard libraries provide an extensive set of input/output capabilities which we will see in subsequent chapters. This chapter will discuss very basic and most common I/O operations required for C++ programming. C++ I/O occurs in streams, which are sequences of bytes. If bytes flow from a device like a keyboard, a disk drive, or a network connection etc. to main memory, this is called input operation and if bytes flow from main memory to a device like a display screen, a printer, a disk drive, or a network connection, etc., this is called output operation . Standard Input and Output in C++ is done through the use of streams . Streams are generic places to send or receive data. In C++, I/O is done through classes and objects defined in the header file <iostream> . iostream stands for standard input-output stream. This header file contains definitions to objects like cin , cout , etc. /O Library Header Files There are...

Genetic Algorithm: Population, Fitness Function, Parent Selection, Cross over, Mutation

Genetic Algo Population Population is a subset of solutions in the current generation. It can also be defined as a set of chromosomes. There are several things to be kept in mind when dealing with GA population − The diversity of the population should be maintained otherwise it might lead to premature convergence. The population size should not be kept very large as it can cause a GA to slow down, while a smaller population might not be enough for a good mating pool. Therefore, an optimal population size needs to be decided by trial and error. The population is usually defined as a two dimensional array of – size population, size x, chromosome size . Population Initialization There are two primary methods to initialize a population in a GA. They are − Random Initialization − Populate the initial population with completely random solutions. Heuristic initialization − Populate the initial population using a known heuristic for the problem. It has been observed that the e...

Normalization in DBMS: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF in Database

Normalization is a process of organizing the data in database to avoid data redundancy, insertion anomaly, update anomaly & deletion anomaly. Anomalies in DBMS There are three types of anomalies that occur when the database is not normalized. These are – Insertion, update and deletion anomaly. Let’s take an example to understand this. Example : Suppose a manufacturing company stores the employee details in a table named employee that has four attributes: emp_id for storing employee’s id, emp_name for storing employee’s name, emp_address for storing employee’s address and emp_dept for storing the department details in which the employee works. At some point of time the table looks like this: emp_id emp_name emp_address emp_dept 101 Nikhil Kangra D001 101 Nikhil Kangra D002 123 Ashish Shimla D890 166 Rahul Pathankot D900 166 Rahul Pathankot D004 The above table is not normalized. Update anomaly : In the above table we have two rows for employee Nikhil as he belongs ...

Anurag RANA

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