Anurag RANA

The history of computer viruses A Bit of Archeology There are lots and lots of opinions on the date of birth of the first computer virus. I know for sure just that there were no viruses on the Babbidge machine, but the Univac 1108 and IBM 360/370 already had them ('Pervading Animal' and 'Christmas tree'). Therefore the first virus was born in the very beginning of 1970s or even in the end of 1960s, although nobody was calling it a virus then. And with that consider the topic of the extinct fossil species closed. Journey's Start Let's talk of the latest history: 'Brain', 'Vienna', 'Cascade', etc. Those who started using IBM PCs as far as in mid-80s might still remember the total epidemic of these viruses in 1987-1989. Letters were dropping from displays, crowds of users rushing towards monitor service people (unlike of these days, when hard disk drives die from old age but yet some unknown modern viruses are to blame). Their computer...

adduser Add a user to the system addgroup Add a group to the system alias Create an alias • apropos Search Help manual pages (man -k) apt-get Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu) aptitude Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu) aspell Spell Checker awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index b basename Strip directory and suffix from filenames bash GNU Bourne-Again SHell bc Arbitrary precision calculator language bg Send to background break Exit from a loop • builtin Run a shell builtin bzip2 Compress or decompress named file(s) c cal Display a calendar case Conditionally perform a command cat Display the contents of a file cd Change Directory cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux chgrp Change group ownership chmod Change access permissions chown Change file owner and group chroot Run a comman...

How to dual-boot Windows XP and Linux, on a system where you have already installed XP. Easy step-by-step tutorial that doesn't assume prior knowledge of Linux. Scenario: You want the simplest way to dual-boot XP and Linux. You've already installed Windows XP and now want to dual-boot it with Ubuntu 8.04 Summary of tutorial: This is an updated tutorial (we previously used Ubuntu 7.04 and GPartEd (GNOME Partition Editor), but in this tutorial, we'll use Ubuntu 8.04 to make space on the XP partition and then use the GRUB bootloader to dualboot XP and Ubuntu. This tutorial has been tested on a VMWare Workstation 6.0.3 virtual machine. How to dual boot Windows XP and Linux (XP installed first) -- the step-by-step guide with screenshots How to dual-boot Windows XP and Linux, on a system where you have already installed XP. Easy step-by-step tutorial that doesn't assume prior knowledge of Linux. As we're assuming that XP has already been installed (either via an ...

How to dual-boot Windows XP and Linux, on a system where you have already installed XP. Easy step-by-step tutorial that doesn't assume prior knowledge of Linux. Scenario: You want the simplest way to dual-boot XP and Linux. You've already installed Windows XP and now want to dual-boot it with Ubuntu 8.04 Summary of tutorial: This is an updated tutorial (we previously used Ubuntu 7.04 and GPartEd (GNOME Partition Editor), but in this tutorial, we'll use Ubuntu 8.04 to make space on the XP partition and then use the GRUB bootloader to dualboot XP and Ubuntu. This tutorial has been tested on a VMWare Workstation 6.0.3 virtual machine. How to dual boot Windows XP and Linux (XP installed first) -- the step-by-step guide with screenshots How to dual-boot Windows XP and Linux, on a system where you have already installed XP. Easy step-by-step tutorial that doesn't assume prior knowledge of Linux. As we're assuming that XP has already been installed (either via an ...

How to dual-boot Windows XP and Linux, on a system where you have already installed XP. Easy step-by-step tutorial that doesn't assume prior knowledge of Linux. Scenario: You want the simplest way to dual-boot XP and Linux. You've already installed Windows XP and now want to dual-boot it with Ubuntu 8.04 Summary of tutorial: This is an updated tutorial (we previously used Ubuntu 7.04 and GPartEd (GNOME Partition Editor), but in this tutorial, we'll use Ubuntu 8.04 to make space on the XP partition and then use the GRUB bootloader to dualboot XP and Ubuntu. This tutorial has been tested on a VMWare Workstation 6.0.3 virtual machine. How to dual boot Windows XP and Linux (XP installed first) -- the step-by-step guide with screenshots How to dual-boot Windows XP and Linux, on a system where you have already installed XP. Easy step-by-step tutorial that doesn't assume prior knowledge of Linux. As we're assuming that XP has already been installed (either via an ...

Throughout the years, the computational changes have brought growth to new technologies.Such is the case of artificial neural networks, that over the years, they have given various solutions to the industry. Designing and implementing intelligent systems has become a crucial factor for the innovation and development of better products for society. Such is the case of the implementation of artificial life as well as giving solution to interrogatives that linear systems are not able resolve. A neural network is a parallel system, capable of resolving paradigms that linear computing cannot. A particular case is for considering which I will cite. During summer of 2006, an intelligent crop protection system was required by the government. This system would protect a crop field from season plagues. The system consisted on a flying vehicle that would inspect crop fields by flying over them. Now, imagine how difficult this was. Anyone that could understand such a task would say that this pr...